Advantages and disadvantages of Wastewater

The advantages of various wastewater treatment technologies,In general,the advantages of using natural biological processes are related to their "low-tech/no-tech" nature,which means that these systems are relatively easy to build and run at low cost,making them attractive to communities with limited resource budgets.However,their simplicity and low cost can be deceiving,as the systems require frequent inspections and ongoing maintenance to ensure smooth operation.Problems include hydraulic overloading,overgrowth of plants,and loss of exotic plants into natural waterways.For this reason,and because of the land requirements of bio-based technologies,many communities prefer mechanical-based technologies,which tend to require less land and allow for greater control over operations.However,these systems are often costly and require more skilled personnel to operate them.

Disadvantages 

The disadvantages of various wastewater treatment technologies.These are usually related to construction cost and ease of operation.Mechanical systems can be expensive to build and operate because they require specialized personnel.They do,however,provide a more controlled environment resulting in more consistent effluent quality.Natural biological systems,on the other hand,require more land, require fewer skilled operators,and produce wastewater of varying quality depending on the time of year,plant type,and wastewater load.In general,the complexity and cost of wastewater treatment technologies increase with the quality of wastewater produced.

Responsibilities and Challenges of Wastewater and Water Treatment Laboratories

The primary function of a wastewater laboratory facility is to ensure that all discharges from the control facility comply with all applicable federal and provincial standards.Laboratory technicians and scientists aim to exceed government standards by monitoring pollutants to ensure the environment is protected in a cost-effective manner.Through frequent analysis of samples,laboratories can make recommendations to ensure proper operational control of wastewater treatment plants.Another major function of a typical wastewater laboratory is to permit,inspect and sample significant industrial users of the sewer system to determine that wastewater discharges comply with local discharge pretreatment limits.These limits and their enforcement protect the treatment process, enhance worker safety,protect the agricultural use of sewage sludge or biosolids,and protect the quality of creeks and waterways in the distribution area.A good wastewater laboratory generates revenue by charging licensing fees,fines,surcharges,and monitoring fees to various industries,commercial establishments,and other treatment plants throughout the service area.This revenue helps reduce residential sewer bills by shifting any additional treatment costs to the facilities that incur those costs.The primary function of a water treatment laboratory is to ensure that water treatment plants produce potable water that meets or exceeds established federal and provincial standards for quality and portability.Microbiological and inorganic chemical analyzes of treated water in plants and water distribution systems are routinely performed to ensure a safe water supply.Water treatment laboratories often offer certified drinking water and wastewater testing for a fee.

Design Consideration

Wastewater and water treatment laboratories often require dynamic designs that can change as technology continues to advance and needs expand and contract.In a typical wastewater laboratory there are many different areas to consider such as microbiology,general chemistry,inorganic and organic as well as sample receiving and discrete or nutrient analysis.

Further Development of the Technology

The cost-effectiveness of all wastewater treatment technologies needs to be improved.The treatment plant manufacturing industry is introducing new mechanical system designs to address this issue.Brazil is testing the use of vertical reactors with activated sludge systems to obtain data for future technological improvements,an example of continued innovation in the industry.Similar product development is underway using aquatic and terrestrial plants and hybrid hydroponic systems as a means of wastewater treatment;In addition,education to raise awareness of the need for wastewater treatment remains an urgent need at all levels of government and information sources.